Every year, the International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated on May 22 to raise awareness about the vital role biodiversity plays in sustaining life on Earth. From forests and oceans to deserts and grasslands, every ecosystem is home to a rich variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that support human life in ways we often overlook. The day is a call to recognize, protect, and restore our natural world for present and future generations.
What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in all its forms—genes, species, and ecosystems. It is the foundation of the Earth's life-support systems, providing us with food, water, clean air, medicine, and a stable climate.
There are three levels of biodiversity:
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Genetic Diversity: Variety within species (e.g., different rice strains)
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Species Diversity: Variety of species within a region
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Ecosystem Diversity: Variety of ecosystems (e.g., wetlands, forests, coral reefs)
Theme for 2025 (Example Theme)
“Be Part of the Plan” (as per the 2024 theme by the UN)
This theme encourages everyone—from governments and businesses to communities and individuals—to be active participants in implementing biodiversity conservation strategies as part of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Why is Biodiversity Important?
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Supports Food Security
A diverse ecosystem ensures a variety of crops and livestock, making food systems resilient to pests and climate change. -
Provides Medicine and Raw Materials
Over 70% of medicines come from plants. Biodiversity is a natural pharmacy. -
Regulates the Climate
Forests, oceans, and wetlands absorb carbon dioxide and control global temperatures. -
Purifies Water and Air
Ecosystems like forests and wetlands act as natural filters. -
Maintains Ecosystem Balance
Predators, pollinators, and decomposers all keep ecosystems healthy and productive.
Biodiversity in India
India is one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world. With just 2.4% of the world's land area, it hosts:
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8% of all recorded species
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Over 45,000 plant species and 91,000 animal species
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Hotspots like the Western Ghats, Himalayas, and Sundarbans
India's rich traditional knowledge, through Ayurveda and local farming practices, also reflects deep respect for biodiversity.
Threats to Biodiversity
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Deforestation and habitat loss
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Pollution of air, water, and soil
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Climate change and global warming
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Overexploitation of resources
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Invasive species
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Urbanization and industrialization
How Can We Protect Biodiversity?
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Plant Native Species
Support local wildlife by planting indigenous trees and plants. -
Reduce Plastic Use
Prevent pollution of oceans and habitats. -
Support Organic & Local Farming
Choose chemical-free and sustainable food sources. -
Protect Pollinators
Avoid pesticides and grow pollinator-friendly gardens. -
Educate and Advocate
Spread awareness about the importance of biodiversity and encourage policy change.
How India Celebrates the Day
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Educational programs in schools and colleges
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Biodiversity exhibitions and seminars
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Workshops on conservation techniques
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Community clean-up and nature walks
Many state biodiversity boards and environmental organizations take this opportunity to showcase local conservation success stories.
Conclusion
The International Day for Biological Diversity is not just a celebration—it’s a call to action. Biodiversity isn’t something separate from us. It’s the web of life that we’re all part of. Protecting it means securing our own future. Whether you’re planting a tree, avoiding single-use plastic, or simply learning about endangered species—you are part of the plan.
